母豬在不同階段對(duì)溫度的偏好

發(fā)布單位:天津瑞孚農(nóng)牧科技集團(tuán)有限公司

查看次數(shù)：6441

時(shí)間：2021-09-02
      與30年前相比，現(xiàn)代母豬的代謝產(chǎn)熱平均增加了16%。因此，為了滿足現(xiàn)代母豬的需要，其適宜溫度需要更新。本試驗(yàn)?zāi)康脑谟谘芯磕肛i在不同階段對(duì)溫度的偏好，以及是否需要更改適宜溫度。

      試驗(yàn)選用20頭經(jīng)產(chǎn)母豬（3.4±1.2胎），分別處于不同階段，7頭未懷孕母豬、6頭妊娠中期母豬（58.5±5.68d），7頭妊娠后期母豬（104.7±2.8天）。每頭母豬單獨(dú)測(cè)量溫度偏好性，環(huán)境溫度從10.4至30.5梯度提高，母豬可以自由選擇合適溫度。正式試驗(yàn)前，有24小時(shí)適應(yīng)期，適應(yīng)期后一次飼喂全天日糧，然后進(jìn)入試驗(yàn)舍。在24小時(shí)試驗(yàn)期中，全程視頻錄像，記錄母豬行為（不活動(dòng)時(shí)間）、姿勢(shì)（站立、趴臥、側(cè)躺），并且每15分鐘瞬時(shí)掃描樣本記錄位置信息。試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)用SAS9.4的PROC MIXED模型進(jìn)行分析。基于其待的時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的位置或溫度，使用三次回歸模型計(jì)算母豬最喜歡的溫度。以最喜歡溫度±SE計(jì)算每頭母豬的適宜溫度范圍。

      母豬不同妊娠程度顯著影響其最適溫度（P＜0.01）。妊娠后期母豬更偏好較冷的溫度（14.0℃），妊娠中期母豬和未懷孕母豬均為14.8℃（P＜0.01）。

      總之，母豬的偏好溫度位于現(xiàn)推薦適宜溫度（10-25℃）的前半部分。這個(gè)結(jié)果說(shuō)明母豬對(duì)適宜溫度后半部分可能感到不適，母豬的實(shí)際適宜溫度范圍會(huì)比推薦范圍更窄。


Evaluation of sow thermal preference across three stages of reproduction
The metabolic heat production of modern pigs has increased by an average of 16%, compared with sows of 30 years ago. Therefore, it is likely that temperature recommendations require updating to meet the needs of modern pigs. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether different reproductive stages of sows altered thermal preference and if current recommendations required updating. Twenty multiparous sows (3.4 ± 1.2 parity) in different reproductive stages (nonpregnant: n = 7; mid-gestation: 58.5 ± 5.68 d, n = 6; and late-gestation: 104.7 ± 2.8 d, n = 7) were tested. Thermal preference was individually tested, and sows could freely choose a temperature, using a thermal gradient between 10.4 and 30.5 °C. Sows were given 24 h to acclimate to the thermal apparatus. Before testing began, sows were given daily feed allotment and returned to the apparatus. Video from the 24-h test period was used to record sow behavior (time spent inactive), posture (upright and sternal and lateral lying), and location using instantaneous scan samples every 15 min. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4. A cubic regression model was used to calculate the sow’s most preferred temperature based on the location, or temperature, in which they spent the most time. The preference range was calculated using peak temperature preference ±SE for each sow. The reproductive stage altered where sows spent their time within the thermal gradient (P < 0.01). Late-gestation sows preferred cooler temperatures (14.0 °C) than mid-gestation (14.8 °C; P < 0.01) and nonpregnant sows (14.8 °C; P < 0.01). In summary, sow thermal preferences were within the lower half of the current recommended range (10 to 25 °C). This indicates that temperatures at the higher end of the recommended range could be uncomfortable to sows and that the thermal comfort zone of sows may be narrower than recommendations indicate.

文章來(lái)源：豬營(yíng)養(yǎng)國(guó)際論壇
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